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7th International Symposium on Nutritional Aspects of Osteoporosis
Lausanne, Switzerland
07.05.2009 - 09.05.2009 |
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Acid baseSaturday, May 09, 2009, 11:15 - 11:30Which fruit and vegetables protect bones? A.C. Hardcastle, L. Aucott, W. Fraser, D.M. Reid, H. Macdonald (Aberdeen, Liverpool, UK)
Population-based studies have shown beneficial effects of fruit and vegetables on markers of bone health however it is unknown which specific fruit and vegetables may be involved. The aim of this study was to use a novel statistical method to model relationships between intakes of fruit and vegetables and markers of bone health, and show which particular fruit and vegetables are associated with bone health.
The subjects were recruited in 1990-3 for the Aberdeen Prospective Osteoporosis Screening Study, and the majority of them (n=3238) returned 6.3 „b 0.6 y later (mean age (SD) at baseline 54.7 (2.2) y). At the return visit they had bone density scans of the lumbar spine (LS) and hip (FN) (Norland XR26/36 DXA), provided second early morning fasted urine samples for analysis of bone markers (free pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline). Diet was assessed by a validated food frequency questionnaire from which information on intakes of 28 fruit and vegetables was extracted. Partial Least Squares regression (PLS) was used to model the relationships between the variability of both the dietary and bone variables simultaneously.
Coefficients plots revealed that intakes of tomatoes, salads, berries, capsicum peppers and green vegetables were associated with greater LS and FN BMD. Decreased bone resorption was associated with tomatoes, berries and fruit juice intakes, whereas increased bone resorption was associated with intakes of tinned fruit and root vegetables. The Variable Importance for the Projection plots showed that root vegetables (detrimental to bone), berries, apples and salad (beneficial to bone) predicted the greatest variation in BMD, whereas tomatoes and salads predicted the greatest change in bone resorption.
This is the first time that PLS has been used to examine relationships between diet and bone health. Unlike principal components analysis (which only uses the independent variables), it uses both the independent and explanatory variables to reveal relationships. This analysis helps direct research by indicating which foods, and hence nutrients, may be involved in maintenance of good bone health. Future work will examine the relationships between other food groups and indices of bone health.
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